The United States announced new tariffs ranging from 10 % to 12.5 % on 60 trading partners, citing their failure to curb forced‑labour in supply chains.
The tariffs cover countries that account for almost all U.S. imports, including the United Kingdom, the European Union, Canada, India, Japan, Brazil, Australia and others.
Countries such as Canada, the EU, Britain, Indonesia, Mexico, Pakistan, Argentina, Bangladesh, Cambodia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Malaysia and Taiwan will face 10 % duties, while the remaining 45 nations, including China and India, will be charged 12.5 % duties.
U.S. officials say the measures address an uneven playing field where American workers compete with imports produced under forced labour. They emphasize the need for legal prohibition and enforcement, which is reportedly lacking in most partner countries.
Responses from allied governments are mixed: the UK says it is tackling forced labour and is engaging with the U.S., the EU deems the tariffs unjustified, and China denies any forced‑labour practices and rejects unilateral tariffs. Human‑rights groups note the effectiveness of tariffs is limited, advocating stronger enforcement and due‑diligence measures instead.
These tariffs come after a March investigation by the U.S. Trade Representative that found 54 countries failed to prohibit the import of forced‑labour goods, and six others failed to enforce such prohibitions.
Political analysis suggests the move serves as a pressure tactic during ongoing trade negotiations, and India’s trade analysts recommend challenging the legal basis of the tariffs under Section 301 of U.S. trade law.
The Trump administration has not yet enforced the duties; a process will likely follow. The tariffs are part of a broader strategy to address labour violations in global supply chains.
