NEW YORK (AP) — When Dauda Sesay first arrived in the United States after fleeing civil war in Sierra Leone and spending nearly 10 years in a refugee camp, the idea of becoming a U.S. citizen was foreign to him. However, he learned that through adherence to the law and maintaining good behavior, he could eventually apply for citizenship. The prospect of becoming a naturalized citizen brought with it a sense of security and belonging.
“When I raised my hand and took the oath of allegiance, I believed that the promise of belonging was real,” said Sesay, now 44 and an advocate for refugee integration. But recent changes in immigration policies under President Donald Trump have left him and other naturalized citizens feeling uncertain about their status.
Fear has grown around increased deportations and attempts to redefine who qualifies as an American citizen, especially with discussions around ending birthright citizenship. The promise of protection inherent in naturalization now seems precarious for many.
Travel Fears and Insecurity
Some citizens worry that leaving the country could lead to complications upon return. Incidents of naturalized citizens being detained by border agents have made many anxious about their safety during both international travel and domestic movement. Sesay, for example, no longer travels within the U.S. without carrying his passport.
Heightened immigration enforcement in cities like Chicago and New York has impacted even U.S. citizens, as some have reported being unfairly detained. In response, the Justice Department has announced plans to intensify efforts to denaturalize individuals deemed a risk to national security, fostering even more concern among immigrants.
State Senator Cindy Nava from New Mexico, who once faced her own immigration challenges, recognizes the newfound apprehension in the naturalized community. That dread contrasts sharply with the past when these citizens felt secure in their status.
Historical Context of Citizenship
The complexities of American citizenship have evolved dramatically since the first naturalization law established in 1790, which limited citizenship to “free white persons.” Over the years, various laws created barriers, particularly for individuals of Asian descent and others.
Historically, the definition of citizenship has shifted, sometimes stripping it away from certain groups, such as during the internment of Japanese Americans in World War II. Political decisions have long influenced who belongs and who does not.
As Sesay reflects on his commitment to the America represented in his oath, he feels a growing sense of betrayal. He emphasizes that, despite the turbulence, he wishes to see an America that stands true to its ideals of inclusion and equality.
