In brief
A groundbreaking study conducted by scientists from leading institutions identified that deep-sea mining operations have led to a 37% decrease in seabed animal populations, highlighting serious implications for marine biodiversity. The study, which discovered over 4,000 marine species—90% of which were previously unknown—was initiated at the request of The Metals Company. The research has raised concerns about the environmental impacts of extracting critical minerals from the ocean bed, especially given the increasing demand for these resources in renewable energy technologies.
Machines mining minerals in the deep ocean have been found to cause significant damage to life on the seabed, scientists carrying out the largest study of its kind say.
The number of animals found in the tracks of the vehicles was reduced by 37% compared to untouched areas, according to the scientists.
The researchers discovered more than 4,000 animals, 90% of which were new species, living on the seafloor in a remote area of the Pacific Ocean.
Vast amounts of critical minerals needed for green technologies could be locked in the deep ocean, but deep sea mining in international waters is very controversial and currently not permitted until more is known about the environmental impacts.
The research by scientists at the Natural History Museum in London, the UK National Oceanography Centre and the University of Gothenburg was conducted at the request of deep sea mining company The Metals Company.
The scientists said their work was independent and that the company was able to view the results before publication but was not allowed to alter them.
The team compared biodiversity two years before and two months after the test mining that drove machines for 80km on the seafloor.
They looked specifically at animals 0.3mm – 2cm in size, such as worms, sea spiders, snails and clams.
In the tracks of the vehicle, the number of animals fell by 37% and the diversity of species by 32%.
The machine removes about the top five centimetres of sediment. That's where most of the animals live. So obviously, if you're removing the sediment, you're removing the animals in it too, lead author Eva Stewart, PhD student at the Natural History Museum and the University of Southampton, told BBC News.
Deep sea mining is controversial. At the heart of the debate is a difficult problem.
The International Seabed Authority (ISA), which governs activity in international waters, has not yet approved commercial mining although it has issued 31 licences for exploration.
A total of 37 countries, including the UK and France, are backing a temporary ban on mining.
