Brigitte Bardot, who has died at the age of 91, swept away cinema's staid 1950s' portrayal of women - coming to personify a new age of sexual liberation.
On screen, she was a French cocktail of kittenish charm and continental sensuality. One publication called her 'the princess of pout and the countess of come hither', but it was an image she grew to loathe.
Ruthlessly marketed as a hedonistic sex symbol, Bardot was frustrated in her ambition to become a serious actress. Eventually, she abandoned her career to campaign for animal welfare.
Years later, her reputation was damaged when she made homophobic slurs and was fined multiple times for inciting racial hatred. Her son also sued her for emotional damage after she said she would have preferred to 'give birth to a little dog'.
It was a scar on the memory of an icon, who - in her prime - put the bikini, female desire, and French cinema on the map.
Brigitte Anne-Marie Bardot was born in Paris on 28 September 1934. She and her sister, Marie-Jeanne, grew up in a luxurious apartment in the plushest district of the city. Her Catholic parents were wealthy and pious, and demanded high standards of their children.
The girls' friendships were closely policed. When they broke their parent's favorite vase, they were whipped as a punishment.
With German troops occupying Paris during World War II, Bardot spent most of her time at home, dancing to records. Her mother encouraged her interest and enrolled her in ballet classes from the age of seven.
But Bardot found life claustrophobic. By the age of 15, she later recalled, 'I was seeking something, perhaps a fulfilment of myself.'
A family friend persuaded her to pose for the cover of Elle, the leading women's magazine in France, and the photographs caused a sensation. At the time, fashionable women had short hair, carefully matched their accessories, and sported tailored jackets and silky evening wear.
Brigitte's hair flowed around her shoulders. With the lithe, athletic body of the ballerina, she was nothing like her fellow models.
Pictured in a series of young, modish outfits, she became the personification of a new 'jeune fille' style. At the age of 16, she found herself the most famous cover girl in Paris.
The screen tests were not successful, but Vadim - who was six years older - took her on, first as his protégé and then as his fiancée. Their romance began, but when Bardot's parents found out, they threatened to send her away to England.
Under such pressure, her parents relented, but forbade the couple from marrying until Brigitte was 18. As soon as that milestone was passed, the couple walked down the aisle.
Vadim began to mould Bardot into the star that he believed she could be. He sold the pictures of their wedding to Paris-Match and instructed her in how to perform in public. He helped his new wife find small roles in a dozen minor films, often playing pouty-yet-innocent female love interests.
In the 1960s, Brigitte Bardot was chosen as the official face of Marianne, the emblem of French liberty. However, her later years were marred by scandals and controversies related to her views on race and immigration.
She is survived by her fourth husband Bernard d'Ormale, a former adviser to the late far-right politician Jean-Marie Le Pen. Despite her troubled end, Bardot's life and career remain a testament to the shifting paradigms of femininity and freedom within the cultural landscape.
